The Evolution of Same-Sex Marriage - 976 Words

Supporters call it marriage equality, and opponents refer to it as â€Å"redefining† marriage. The issue of legalizing same-sex marriage has evolved over the years. Same-sex marriage and the fight to legalize it publically started in 1972 in the ‘Baker v. Nelson’ Supreme Court case, which involved a Minnesota couple that was denied a marriage license. The couple ended up taking their issue to court but their trial was dismissed because the Supreme Court stated that the clerk was allowed to refuse same-sex couples a marriage license. This case sparked what would be a long debate that would last over 40 years in the United States. What prompts the past and present interest in the issue are same-sex couples and their friends and family who want them to be happy and want them to be able to marry the person they love while receiving the same benefits as a heterosexual couple does. The people that are currently interested in this issue are members of the LGBT community and people who believe that marriage should be equal to all American citizens because they believe it is an American’s right to be able to choose to marry the person they love. Marriage equality is one of the most significant issues in the United States. It is one of the most discussed reforms in the U.S. court systems. If legalized, it would be the most revolutionary policy decisions in America’s history, along with interracial marriage, women’s rights and slavery. The three positions that I will be writing on in thisShow MoreRelatedLegalization of Gay Marriage1319 Words   |  6 PagesSEM I SPEECH PREPARATION OUTLINE PREPARED BY: REGINA KHOR MAY LIN AA09179 Relationship Should we legalize same-sex marriage in our country? To persuade To persuade my audience that we should legalize same-sex marriage in our country. Same-sex marriage should be legalized since it is the natural form of the marriage evolution, part of human rights and able to prevent psychological stress from the LGB community. (LGB- lesbian, gays and bisexuals) Problem and solution Read MoreJonathan Rauch : For Better Or Worse?1296 Words   |  6 PagesBetter or Worse?† discusses the main purpose of marriage and how marriage has changed over time . Jonathan says marriage nowadays is between two individuals and how that couple interprets it. Throughout his article, Rauch debates on the negative views of gay marriage. He states his contempt for these views and states a detailed reason why gay marriage makes sense. He makes it known that he feels that gay marriage should be viewed as normal and gay marriage should be held to a similar standard. He feelsRead MoreEssay on The Bond of Marriage1166 Words   |  5 PagesThe Bond of Marriage The argument to allow gay couples to marry has been a debatable topic for many years. The authors, Andrew Sullivan and William Bennett have conflicting beliefs to whether gay marriages should be permissible. Sullivan expresses his opinion of the right gays have to marry in his article â€Å"Let Gays Marry.† Bennett retaliates with his own article opposing gay marriage. His article â€Å"Leave Marriage Alone,† relates his view that same-sex marriage is wrong and unethical.Read MoreThe Constitutional History II On The United States1544 Words   |  7 Pagesgay marriage in the United States were a minority group for quite some time. (Green, 2015) The topic of homosexuality and same sex marriage is one that probes the primary question of whether or not same sex marriages are ones fundamental right under both the Due Process Clause and Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. (Lempert, 2015) The case of Obergefell v. Hodges was a case that held that th e Fourteenth Amendment requires all states to recognize and grant same sex marriage licensesRead MoreMarriage Is An Institution That Is Important1455 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is an institution that is very sacred to many people in the world as well as an old institution. Therefore ideas about marriage have changed throughout the years as well as ideas about sex and gender, for these concepts have been notoriously linked and effect one another’s evolution. The Eighteenth Century marked a period of changing attitudes of marriage and therefore sex and gender. For centuries before this period, the Catholic Church dominated the domain of marriage, controlling theRead MoreThe Issue With Same-Sex Marriages1568 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate about the issue of same-sex marriage. For many, it is one of the fundamental human rights to love and marry whomever one chooses. Others feel that this right should be ruled by certain moral codes and restrictions in order to maintain the basic moral fabric of Western society. Today, many critics who advocate for the legalization of same-sex marriage across the United States do so on the grounds of the fact that it will create a more equal and fair society. Same-sex marriage, or indeed simply theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized1309 Words   |  6 PagesKaterina Do Dr. Clay ENGL 1302-013 29 September 2015 Issue Proposal I would introduce this issue to an audience explaining that same-sex marriage, also called gay marriage, is a marriage or a civil union between couples of the same sex. I would continue to explain it as a controversial and moral issue discussed worldwide today, due to many gay couples coming out and openly expressing their need for equal rights. I would add onto and explain how supporters of equal rights and those who oppose theRead MoreEssay on Same Sex Marriage and the Church1508 Words   |  7 Pagesof the first questions that was asked during his interview was gay marriage and his views on this topic. When he first became a priest one of the things he began to study was marriage and its purposes. The purpose of marriage through the eyes of church and Hernan is procreation, education of children, and allowing people to get rid of their sex urge. The Church has always considered the homosexual act as evil. A same sex marriage allows two people to come together in a sinful conditi on. His responsibilityRead MoreThe Differences Between The And Quebec And The United States Essay701 Words   |  3 PagesCharlotte Norsworthy Professeur Moyer Afternoon 31 Aoà »t 2015 1. Traditionally, the U.S. family begins with a marriage, cohabitation and finally, children. However, the â€Å"typical† family is beginning to evolve very rapidly, just as in France and Quebec. In Quebec, it is more common to find couples living together that aren’t married than to find married couples living together. Surprisingly, only 3 in 10 families in Quebec are married couples with children under 25 living with them. In France, childrenRead MoreMonsters Are The Stars Of Entertainment For The Horror Industry1553 Words   |  7 Pages Just how â€Å"Buffy the Vampire Slayer† adapted to social themes, a similar form of evolution due to social tolerance can be seen in a later film â€Å"Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles† (1994) In the movie â€Å"Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles† (1994) written by Anne Rice and directed by Neil Jordan, there is a severe homosexual subtext that ultimately introduces the concept of same same-sex family. Not to mention, the characters are extremely attractive. Some of the main

Elective Banking Management Part Free Essays

string(57) " be the incremental growth in business for their branch\." Explain the factors the branch manager has to take into account at the time of preparation of the budget. 4. Write an essay on Globalization in the Banking Industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Elective Banking Management Part or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5. Examine the economic functions of banks. 6. Explain Fractional-reserve banking. 25 x 4=100 marks Answers 2. Explain performance budgeting exercise as a tool for deposit manipulation. Performance budgeting can be defined as budgeting for the performance of an individual or an organization. In the context of an organization what is required is to set some broad objectives for the organization at the top management level and motivate the employees in such a manner that they also feel like setting some individual goals, which are nevertheless complementary to the goals for the organization. Performance budgeting exercise is elucidated in the below steps: 1. Defining the Commanding Area: The concept of command areas is a highly dynamic one, having relevance only to a particular budget year. This means that the command areas of branch need not be the same for all years on the other hand, it should be changed as and when the branch has tapped the full potential of the area. Again there is another wrong concept about the command areas that it should be geographically contiguous areas around the branch. Actually the command areas of a branch should be the possible main areas, which the ranch can effectively serve during the particular years, as felt by the branch manager and the staff. Thus branch can have as its command area, a whole village, as war, as street of a town, a big building housing several offices, etc. Of course this does not mean business from other areas is not welcome but only that our main thrust will in this area. 2. Environmental Scanning and Market Segmentation: Environmental scanning really means scanning the branch environment, both inside and outside. Often we tend to ignore the internal factors as we understand it today, this involves identification of the market and its attention, the evaluation and selection of this market after it is segmented. But let us try to look at it from a different angel. A. The Internal Factors: There are three important factors to be considered under this head they are: Employees of the branch – human resources Non human resource – infrastructure Top management – the controlling offices It is a fact the branch management can realize its goals only through the active co-operation of the staff working in the branch and the administrative offices. There a fair knowledge of the nature of staffs their aspirations and robbers will help branch manager to take them along with his as team to achieve the goals. Naturally, he should interact with them as frequently as possible. The manager should also try to create good rapport with higher authorities. For this is should properly communicate with them regarding this action plan and feed them with sufficient data at the appropriate time. He must work in close liaison with them so that he can strengthen his hand and try to avoid origination conflicts and help himself to take quick and sound decisions consistent with the policies of the bank. Then comes the assessment of the infrastructural facilities available in the branch. The goals set for the branch should be possible to be achieved with the available infrastructure thus we can very well see that non achievement of budgetary goals cannot be ascribes to staff shortage, if the spirit of the performance budget is properly understood. B. The External Factors: Four important factors under this head National plan objectives and government policies Aspirations and expectations in the command area Customer satisfaction Handling competition from rivals The national plan objectives are normally given in the policy guidelines book published by the central office, planning department. These should be through at length. The prime function of bank is to accept deposits from those with surplus money and lend it to those who need it for productive investment. This necessitates the identification of pockets of potential deposit on the one hand and identification of person who need advance for productive purposes, on the other. Collection of these data is very important and it has to be done methodically. These data can be used to: 1. Segment the market according to various parameters. 2. Prepare bankable schemes for various segments and . It is better that these data are collected and kept updated frequently. Regarding customer satisfaction, we have to ensure that the primary motto in formulating any scheme is the satisfaction of the customer. We have to worry about the competition from other financial institution and fellow bankers. For this we have to know the terms, nature and cost of services rendered by our competition and also their marketing strategies. Apart from all these, the branch manager should try to: Develop personal inclination to take safe risks. Create a climate of confidence and trust within the branch Establish personal rapport with the higher authorities and Take quick an sound decisions 3. Studying the past trend in business growth: A study of the past trend in the business growth of the branch helps the manger to take as stock of the inherent strength and weakness of the branch, the staff members and its location, etc. This must be done to mark the budget realistic. There is no point in setting a budget, which IS very ambitious for a branch with limited resources. . Preparation of Tentative Budget: After doing all the above exercise, the branch manager should attempt to rooter the incremental growth in business for the next year. It is at this stage that he should seek the reviews of all his staff members in agreement and frank atmosphere. Preferably a meeting of all the staff members should be called in which he can present all the details. It should then be left to the group to decide how much should be the incrementa l growth in business for their branch. You read "Elective Banking Management Part" in category "Management" In such a meeting, the leadership qualities of the manger should be made use of, so as to elicit the view of each and every staff member. Apart from this the manager should patiently listen to the view so everybody. It all the certain views and suggestions are not acceptable to the group, the members should be convinced of the reason why they are not acceptable. Once sufficient deliberations have been gone through in the meeting a consensus decision in regard to the incremental growth in the business in each sector like deposits, advances, profit etc. Ill be taken. There is important advantage in formulating the budget in this way. Because the goals have been set jointly, every member for the staff will be totally committed to the goals and will be striving hard to achieve them. As a result, he budge of the branch will not be treated as the branch managers budget but will recognized as a branch budget. 5. Participating in the Budget Meeting of the Region: The branch manager present t his draft budget to eh regional manager in the budget meeting convened by the latter for the entire region. In this meeting, the regional manager present the macro level scenario of the region and invites suggestion and views of the individual branch manages regarding their contribution to the achievement of the incremental business growth for the regions for the next year. The draft budgets brought by the individual branch angers are the discussed and the total business for the entire regions is arrived at. The figures furnished by the individual branches are not simply accepted by the regional manager. The branch managers will have to us passionate their projected business figures to the satisfaction of the regional manager. . The Final Budget Meeting at the Branch: After the regional manager has finalize the regional budgets in the above meeting, the branch manager has to convene another staff meeting in his own branch to inform the staff member s about the details of the final budget room the draft budget, the branch manager should explain the position to all the staff members to their satisfaction. In this way all the staff members are very well aware of the task. In this meeting some notion plans can also be chalked out. 7. Review Meeting at Branch Level and Regional Level: Once the budget year starts, the real action begins. Success of any planned project depends on large extent on the periodic review of the progress made. The entire yearly budget can be divided into quarterly or half yearly budgets. In the review meetings half of the regional level, the performance of each ranch will be reviewed visit–visit the targets; For making the regional review meetings more meaningful, it is advisable to attempt such review meetings at the individual branches by conducting staff meetings. This should be preferably done before the regional review meetings so that the branch manager is ready with all the necessary details when comes for the regional meeting specifically in regard to the reasons for variances, if any from the budgetary goals. 3. Explain the factors the branch manager has to take into account at the time of preparation of the budget. At the time of preparation of the budge, the branch manager has to take into account the following four factors: 1. Bank’s corporate goals 2. Rib’s ground rules 3. Government of Indian’s Directives 4. Expectations of the people in the command area 1. Bank’s corporate goals The corporate goal of the bank, as decided by the top management, forms the basis of the performance budget. As such it is necessary that these are clearly spelt out and advised to the branches well in time. In some banks these are given in the booklet, â€Å"Policy Guidelines†, brought Out by the central office every year. This provides the branches the broad guidelines, covering the economic scenario for the country and the bank’s expectations of the incremental growth in the business during the coming year. 2. Rib’s Ground Rules There are certain ground rules prescribed by the RIB, which should govern all the activities of the bank. They are summarized below: a. No bank shall pay interest on current account. B. No bank shall pay countervailing interest on any current accounts maintained with it by its borrowers. C. No bank shall discriminate in the matter of rate of interest paid on deposits, between one deposit and another, accepted on the same date and the same maturity, whether such deposits are accepted at the same office or at the different offices of the bank. D. No bank shall pay brokerage on deposits in any form to any individual, firm, company, association, institution or any other person, except I) Commission paid to agents, employed to collect door to door deposits under special schemes ii) Inexpensive gifts costing not more than the amount prescribed by the RIB in this regard from time to time. Ii) Incentive granted to staff members as approved by RIB from time to time. E. No bank shall violate the other instructions issued by RIB from time to time, on payment of interest and related aspects in accepting of deposits and granting advances. 3. Government of India Directives The government of India issues directives from time to time to banks in the matter Of providing credit to the pr iority sector and other specified groups, and implementation for various poverty alleviation programs. These are kept in mind at the time of drawing the credit plan for the ensuring year. 4. Expectation of People of the Command Area Over all above all these, the branch manager at the time of drawing up the actual budget has to take into account the expectation of the people inhabiting the command area in regard to their credit needs and also other types of services, especially now that we are going to adopt the set-vice areas approach in all our activities. Answer: Fractional-reserve banking is the practice whereby a bank holds reserves (to satisfy demands for withdrawals) that are less than the amount of its customers’ deposits. Reserves are held at the bank as currency, or as deposits in the bank’s accounts at the central bank. Because bank deposits are usually considered money in their own right, fractional-reserve banking permits the none supply to grow beyond the amount of the underlying reserves of base money originally created by the central bank Fractional-reserve banking is the current form of banking practiced in most countries worldwide. Fractional reserve banking has been said to violate Islamic principles of ownership. Working of Fractional Reserve Banking In most legal systems, a bank deposit is not a bailsmen. In other words, the funds deposited are no longer the property of the customer. The funds become the property of the bank, and the customer in turn receives an asset called a deposit account (a checking or savings account). That deposit account is a liability on the balance sheet of the bank. Each bank is legally authorized to issue credit up to a specified multiple of its reserves, so reserves available to satisfy payment of deposit liabilities are less than the total amount which the bank is obligated to pay in satisfaction of demand deposits. Fractional-reserve banking ordinarily functions smoothly. Relatively few depositors demand payment at any given time, and banks maintain a buffer of reserves to cover depositors’ cash withdrawals and other demands for funds. However, during a bank run or a generalized financial crisis, demands or withdrawal can exceed the bank’s funding buffer, and the bank will be forced to raise additional reserves to avoid defaulting on its obligations. A bank can raise funds from additional borrowings (e. G. , by borrowing in the interbrain lending market or from the central bank), by selling assets, or by calling in short-term loans. If creditors are afraid that the bank is running out of reserves or is insolvent, they have an incentive to redeem their deposits as soon as possible before other depositors access the remaining reserves. Thus the fear of a bank run can actually precipitate the crisis. Many of the practices of contemporary bank regulation and central banking, including centralized clearing of payments, central bank lending to member banks, regulatory auditing, and government-administered deposit insurance, are designed to prevent the occurrence of such bank runs. Economic Function of Fractional Reserve Banking: Fractional-reserve banking allows banks to create credit in the form of bank deposits, which represent immediate liquidity to depositors. The banks also provide longer-term loans to borrowers, and act as financial intermediaries for those funds. Less liquid forms of deposit (such as time deposits) or riskier lasses of financial assets (such as equities or long-term bonds) may lock up a depositor’s wealth for a period of time, making it unavailable for use on demand. This â€Å"borrowing short, lending long,† or maturity transformation function of fractional-reserve banking is a role that many economists consider to be an important function of the banking system. Additionally, according to macroeconomic theory, a well-regulated fractional-reserve bank System also benefits the economy by providing regulators with powerful tools for influencing the money supply and interest rates. Many economists believe hat these should be adjusted by the government to promote macroeconomic stability. The process of fractional-reserve banking expands the money supply of the economy but also increases the risk that a bank cannot meet its depositor withdrawals. Modern central banking allows banks to practice fractional-reserve banking with inter-bank business transactions with a reduced risk of bankruptcy. Money Creation Process There are two types of money in a fractional-reserve banking system operating with a central bank: Central Bank Money: money created or adopted by the central bank regardless Of its form -? precious metals, moodily certificates, banknotes, coins, electronic money loaned to banks, or anything else the central bank chooses as its form of money Commercial Bank Money: demand deposits in the banking system; sometimes referred to as â€Å"checkbook money† When a deposit of central bank money is made at a bank, the central bank money is removed from circulation and added to the commercial banks’ reserves (it is no longer counted as part of MI money supply). Simultaneously, an equal amount of new commercial bank money is created in the form of bank deposits. When a loan is made by the commercial ann. (which keeps only a fraction of the central bank money as reserves), using the central bank money from the commercial bank’s reserves, the ml money su pply expands by the size of the loan. This process is called â€Å"deposit multiplication†. Regulatory Requirements: Government controls and bank regulations related to fractional-reserve banking have generally been used to impose restrictive requirements on note issue and deposit taking on the one hand, and to provide relief from bankruptcy and creditor claims, and/or protect creditors with government funds, when banks defaulted on the other hand. Such measures have included for examples such as: Minimum required reserve ratios (Errs) Minimum capital ratios Government bond deposit requirements for note issue 100% Marginal Reserve requirements for note issue and Sanction on bank defaults and protection from creditors for many months or even years The Banking Sector has for centuries now formed one of the pillars of economic prosperity. Indeed history provides us with some starting information regarding how banks provided finance for imperialist ventures in newly acquired colonies. Over time banks have formed an important part in providing an avenue for both savings and investments. Land, Labor, capital and entrepreneurs are the basic economic resources available to business. However, to make the use of these resources, a business requires finance to purchase of the land, hire labor, pay for capital goods and pay for individuals with specialized skills. Detail role of functions of banks in economic development is given below: Trade Development The banks provide capital, technical assistance and other facilities to businessmen according to their need, which leads to development in trade. Agriculture Development Banks finance the most important sector Of the developing economics I. Agriculture, short, medium and long-term loans are provided for the purchase of seeds and fertilizer, installation of tube wells, construction of warehouses, purchase of tractor and thresher etc. Industrial Development The countries, which concentrated on industrial sector made rapid e conomic development. South Korea, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Indonesia have recently developed their industrial sector with the help of banks. Capital Formation Banks help in increasing the rate of capital formation in a country. Capital formation means increase in number of production units, technology, plant ND machinery. They finance the projects responsible for increasing the rate of capital formation. Development of Foreign Trade Banks help the traders of two different countries to undertake business. Letter Of credit is issued by the importer’s bank to the exporters to ensure the payment. The banks also arrange foreign exchange. Transfer of Money Banks provide the facility of transferring funds from one place to another which leads to the growth of trade. More Production A good banking system ensures more production in all sectors of the economy. It increases the prod auction capabilities of the economy by threatening capital structure and division of labor Development of Transport The banks financed the transport sector. It has reduced unemployment on one hand and increased the transport facility on the other hand. Remote areas are linked to main markets through developed transport system. Safe Custody The business concerns and individuals can make themselves tension free by depositing their surplus money in banks. The banks also provide them the facility of lockers to keep their precious articles and necessary documents safe. Increase in Saving Banks persuade the people to save more. Different saving schemes with attractive interest rates are introduced for this purpose. Number of bank branches is opened in urban and rural areas. Construction of Houses Banks provide credit facilities to their customers for the purchase or construction of houses. Assistance to Government By providing funds to government for development programs, the banks share the government for economic stability. How to cite Elective Banking Management Part, Essays

Business Informatics Ubers Business Model

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Informaticsfor Ubers Business Model. Answer: Introduction Uber uses affiliated e-commerce model. The company provides information to both cab drivers and the passenger in need of transport services in a given area (Barnes-Vieyra Claycomb, 2001). Uber has a software application that allows users to order for taxi services and pay directly using their linked credit card. The company gets revenues from trip commissions, interests of keeping and listing fee that they charge drivers to start working with them. Customers using the Uber services are able to enjoy several advantages that were not there before it launch. The customers dont have to wait for long times for a cab as it was initially. They have short waiting time enabling convenience. Customers are able to book cab on their Smartphones and be shown where the nearest cab. Customers pay lower prices compared to the ones paid before. They Uber Smartphone application enables calculations of price per kilometer covered. Uber services enable customers track the ride using the Smartphone application. They are able to see the direction the cab is taking and be notified incase the drivers diverts from the map. And lastly, customers enjoy discounts and free rides occasionally. Customers use their smart phones application to see difference prices in changing hours and take advantage of price discounts and free rides when they are available. Using Uber services has disadvantages too. Customers using these services cannot be able to predict price with certainty. Prices keep on changing with changes in traffic. Customers experience surge prices in peak hours. These costs are in most cases higher than the other taxi prices. Customers using Uber services are required to have the Uber application. This limits the flexibility of using the service. It makes it hard for customers to pay for someone else for a ride. Uber uses review and recommendation social shopping model. This enables customers to rate drivers after every ride. Customers give review of the services they have been offered by the company and are seen by other potential customers (Kim, 2013). This helps new customers booking for a ride choose between the drivers based on their rating and reviews. Uber Services are not good to the environment. Uber services increase environmental pollution. Uber drivers dont stay in one point but rather keep on moving around to enhance convenience of customers. These cabs use fuels engines. This leads to release carbon (II) oxide to the environment. Therefore, increasing their movement around the cities means that they will use more fuel hence more emissions to the environment. They increases air pollution in the area they operate leading to degradation of the environment. This is contrary to the other taxi services where the cab stays in one place till it picked by a customer. Competitive Advantage The Uber business is in short distance transport industry. The industry has been dominated by taxi cabs before the launch of Uber in 2009. Uber offers cab services around the cities and its outskirts (Stone, 2015).Users have to choose between the Uber services, taxi and other short distance cheap means like bicycle or public transport. The following are porters five competitive forces facing Uber Company; The first force is Competition in Industry. The short distance industry of travelling around the towns and its outskirts is having a lot of competitors. There are several other forms offering the same transport services in the industry. This means that customer have a wide range to choose from .This indicates that the Uber Company has low power in relation to this force and has to work hard to maintain it service users and providers. The second force is power of suppliers. Suppliers of Uber services are cab drivers who provide services to potential customers. The company uses private drivers who sign in to work with it. There are many private drivers in every city and the company targets them to be recruited and start offering Uber services to customers. In this case, the company has high power because of the many numbers of suppliers who it can use provide Uber services to the customer. Third is the threat for new entrant to the industry. This refers to force as a result of new entrance of companies in the industry. This leads to lowering of the market share. Since the launch of Uber in 2009, there have been several other business launches that operate in the same business model as for Uber service. The cost of entering the industry is not above reach and this makes it possible for new companies to enter becoming effective competitor to Uber INC. Therefore, it can be said that Uber has low power in the industry has new companies can enter the market. Fourth is the power of customers. This refers to potential ability of the Uber service consumers to influence lowering of the prices. It also refers to the cost of a consumer shifting from Uber services to its competitor. It is easy for Uber customers to both drive prices down and shift between service providers. This indicates that Uber holds low power to its customers. Lastly are the threats of substitute products: This refers to other products in the market that can serve the customers the same need. The short distance transport industry has many other means of transports. For instance, customers can opt to use the public transports or ride a bicycle. This shows that Uber faces high treats from substitute products. Uber is executes cost leadership strategy to attain a competitive edge in the industry. Uber started offering the same taxi service to customers at a lower prices to travel the same distance (Porter, 1980) .This has been attractive current and potential customers of Uber services. This strategy helped it enter the market and grow its market share. I dont think Uber created a new market in the industry because the taxi industry has been in existence for years. What Uber did is they came up with a technology that has change the industry. Therefore, Uber can be referred to as disruptive technology and other companies in the industry should adopt the technology in order to remain in business. References Barnes-Vieyra, P. Claycomb, C. (2001). Business-to-business E-commerce: models and managerial decisions. Business Horizons, 44(3), 13-20. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-6813(01)80030-6 Kim, D. (2013). Under what conditions will social commerce business models survive?. Electronic Commerce Research And Applications, 12(2), 69-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2012.12.002 Kobayashi, I.(2009) Private Contracting and Business Models of Electronic Commerce. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.479902 Porter, M. (1980). Competitive strategy. New York: Free Press. Stone, B. (2015). Heres How Ubers Co-Founder Is Going to Take on Amazon and eBay. Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 17 October 2016, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-23/uber-s-co-founder-has-a-new-shopping-app-and-this-is-how-it-works